什么是线程池?为什么要用线程池?怎么用线程池?
介绍
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作线程(worker):创建线程池时,按照指定的线程数量,创建工作线程,等待从任务队列中get任务;
任务(requests):即工作线程处理的任务,任务可能成千上万个,但是工作线程只有少数。任务通过 makeRequests来创建
任务队列(request_queue):存放任务的队列,使用了queue实现的。工作线程从任务队列中get任务进行处理;
任务处理函数(callable):工作线程get到任务后,通过调用任务的任务处理函数即(request.callable_)具体 的 处理任务,并返回处理结果;
任务结果队列(result_queue):任务处理完成后,将返回的处理结果,放入到任务结果队列中(包括异常);
任务异常处理函数或回调(exc_callback):从任务结果队列中get结果,如果设置了异常,则需要调用异常回调处理异常;
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线程池的创建(ThreadPool(args))
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task_pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(num_works)
task_pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(num_works)
def __init__(self, num_workers, q_size=0, resq_size=0, poll_timeout=5):
"""Set up the thread pool and start num_workers worker threads.
``num_workers`` is the number of worker threads to start initially.
If ``q_size > 0`` the size of the work *request queue* is limited and
the thread pool blocks when the queue is full and it tries to put
more work requests in it (see ``putRequest`` method), unless you also
use a positive ``timeout`` value for ``putRequest``.
If ``resq_size > 0`` the size of the *results queue* is limited and the
worker threads will block when the queue is full and they try to put
new results in it.
.. warning:
If you set both ``q_size`` and ``resq_size`` to ``!= 0`` there is
the possibilty of a deadlock, when the results queue is not pulled
regularly and too many jobs are put in the work requests queue.
To prevent this, always set ``timeout > 0`` when calling
``ThreadPool.putRequest()`` and catch ``Queue.Full`` exceptions.
"""
self._requests_queue = Queue.Queue(q_size)#任务队列,通过threadpool.makeReuests(args)创建的任务都会放到此队列中
self._results_queue = Queue.Queue(resq_size)#字典,任务对应的任务执行结果</span>
self.workers = []#工作线程list,通过self.createWorkers()函数内创建的工作线程会放到此工作线程list中
self.dismissedWorkers = []#被设置线程事件并且没有被join的工作线程
self.workRequests = {}#字典,记录任务被分配到哪个工作线程中</span>
self.createWorkers(num_workers, poll_timeout)
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其中,初始化参数为:
num_works: 线程池中线程个数
q_size : 任务队列的长度限制,如果限制了队列的长度,那么当调用putRequest()添加任务时,到达限制长度后,那么putRequest将会不断尝试添加任务,除非在putRequest()设置了超时或者阻塞;
esq_size: 任务结果队列的长度;
pool_timeout: 工作线程如果从request队列中,读取不到request,则会阻塞pool_timeout,如果仍没request则直接返回;
其中,成员变量:
self._requests_queue: 任务队列,通过threadpool.makeReuests(args)创建的任务都会放到此队列中;
self._results_queue: 字典,任务对应的任务执行
self.workers: 工作线程list,通过self.createWorkers()函数内创建的工作线程会放到此工作线程list中;
self.dismisssedWorkers: 被设置线程事件,并且没有被join的工作线程
self.workRequests: 字典,记录推送到线程池的任务,结构为requestID:request。其中requestID是任务的唯一标识,会在后面作介绍。
END
工作线程的启动(self.createWorks(args))
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其中WorkerThread()继承自thread,即python内置的线程类,将创建的WorkerThread对象放入到self.workers队列中。下面看一下WorkerThread类的定义:
从self.__init__(args)可看出:
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class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):
"""Background thread connected to the requests/results queues.
A worker thread sits in the background and picks up work requests from
one queue and puts the results in another until it is dismissed.
"""
def __init__(self, requests_queue, results_queue, poll_timeout=5, **kwds):
"""Set up thread in daemonic mode and start it immediatedly.
``requests_queue`` and ``results_queue`` are instances of
``Queue.Queue`` passed by the ``ThreadPool`` class when it creates a
new worker thread.
"""
threading.Thread.__init__(self, **kwds)
self.setDaemon(1)#
self._requests_queue = requests_queue#任务队列
self._results_queue = results_queue#任务结果队列
self._poll_timeout = poll_timeout#run函数中从任务队列中get任务时的超时时间,如果超时则继续while(true);
self._dismissed = threading.Event()#线程事件,如果set线程事件则run会执行break,直接退出工作线程;
self.start()
def run(self):
"""Repeatedly process the job queue until told to exit."""
while True:
if self._dismissed.isSet():#如果设置了self._dismissed则退出工作线程
# we are dismissed, break out of loop
break
# get next work request. If we don't get a new request from the
# queue after self._poll_timout seconds, we jump to the start of
# the while loop again, to give the thread a chance to exit.
try:
request = self._requests_queue.get(True, self._poll_timeout)
except Queue.Empty:#尝从任务 队列self._requests_queue 中get任务,如果队列为空,则continue
continue
else:
if self._dismissed.isSet():#检测此工作线程事件是否被set,如果被设置,意味着要结束此工作线程,那么就需要将取到的任务返回到任务队列中,并且退出线程
# we are dismissed, put back request in queue and exit loop
self._requests_queue.put(request)
break
try:<span style="color:#如果线程事件没有被设置,那么执行任务处理函数request.callable,并将返回的result,压入到任务结果队列中
result = request.callable(*request.args, **request.kwds)
self._results_queue.put((request, result))
except:
request.exception = True
self._results_queue.put((request, sys.exc_info()))#如果任务处理函数出现异常,则将异常压入到队列中
def dismiss(self):</span>
"""Sets a flag to tell the thread to exit when done with current job.
"""
self._dismissed.set()
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工作线程的退出
从dismissWorkers可看出,主要工作是从self.workers 工作线程中pop出指定的线程数量,并且设置此线程的线程事件,设置线程事件后,此线程self.run()函数,则会检测到此设置,并结束线程。
如果设置了在do_join,即设置了在此函数中join退出的线程,那么对退出的线程执行join操作。否则将pop出的线程放入到self.dismissedWorkers中,以等待joinAllDismissedWorkers操作去处理join线程。
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